1.5 | Notions
The voices of the text
The words dialogue, dialogism, dialogal, dialogic, polyphony, and polyphonic have specific meanings in discourse analysis. These terms define the ways in which different voices are interwoven in a text.
1.5.1 | Notions
Dialogue, Dialogism and Polyphony
The word dialogal refers to a verbal exchange between two or more people. The terms dialogic and dialogism refer to the relationship (interdiscursive, intertextual) between one utterance and previous utterances. Specialists in dialogal are those who focus on conversational analysis, while those concerned with dialogic study dialogism and polyphony, two terms which, for some specialists, have similar meanings and, for others, very different meanings.
1.5.2 | Notions
Direct, Indirect, Free Indirect and Narrativized Speech
Direct, indirect and free indirect speech are used to make another person's voice heard. We speak of narrativized speech when there is a complete reformulation or narrativization of someone's words or thoughts.
1.5.3 | Notions
Other ways of representing another's voice : irony, concession, and negation
Irony, concession and negation are polyphonic devices as they allow different voices to be heard in a statement.